Application of the toxicokinetic data was used to predict IMI residue levels in the liver with reasonable results for some field exposure and avian mortality events. Furthermore, no evidence of enhanced expression of mRNA genes associated with hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative DNA damage, or alterations in concentrations of corticosterone and thyroid hormones was observed. There was no lethality or overt signs of toxicity at either dose level. Metabolism was extensive, with 5-OH-IMI and IMI-olefin detected at greater concentrations than IMI in tissues and fecal samples. Clearance to below detection limits occurred at both dose levels and exposure durations in all tissues within 24 h. Analysis revealed rapid absorption (1 h) into blood and distribution to the brain, muscle, kidney, and liver. Quail were euthanized between 1 and 24 h postexposure to assess toxicokinetics. Adult male Japanese quail were orally dosed with wheat seeds coated with an imidacloprid (IMI) formulation at either 0.9 or 2.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) (∼3 and 9% of IMI LD50 for Japanese quail, respectively) for 1 or 10 days. Birds are potentially exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides by ingestion of coated seeds during crop planting.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |